Differences between regions is actually accounted for by the fixed consequences ?

The new sister repaired effects determine 65% of your variation inside knowledge within take to

_gt which capture the differences between groups g at time-wave t. We specify two main groups – provinces and villages. The individuals in our sample span 20 provinces and over 1600 villages. Footnote 9 Including these fixed effects in the estimation controls for unobserved differences between, say, villages that influence the outcome variables. For example, access to formal employment may be lower in some villages than others. If more people who were married early live in such villages, then not controlling for which village the respondents live in will confound the effect of early marriage and the probability of having a formal job. We also interact those groups with the time the survey was conducted to account for differential time trends across provinces or villages. By using village fixed effects we are comparing individuals who marry early with those who do not but who live in the same village, and therefore are exposed to similar conditions, like traditions, culture and institutional settings. As people within a village are exposed to more similar conditions than people within a province, village fixed effects are likely to control more effectively for differences across individuals than province fixed effects. The inclusion of village fixed effects however comes at the cost of statistical power (as the coefficients are estimated off the more limited within-village variation).

Within our attempt discover 676 sisters, off whom 302 had been ple (while they are from average cost of bolivian mail order bride a household in which one girl was married early) have fathers that have notably lower instructional attainment, are more likely to getting Muslim, as they are expected to reside in outlying portion

Whenever we talk about brand new extent that province and you will village repaired consequences capture differences in social and you will economic drawback because of the investigating their capability to identify variation during the informative attainment, we discover that the village repaired effects determine over 30% on the type, a bit more compared to step three% informed me because of the province fixed consequences. Almost all of the type are however within this towns.

We first present estimations one to manage for province*time-trend FE following town*time-wave FE. I then wade one step further of the to present efficiency where i guess sister repaired outcomes patterns where coefficients are projected of reviews out of siblings, certainly one of just who got partnered very early and the other whom did maybe not. This review controls for everyone household members services, one another observable and unobservable, educated because of the sisters elizabeth.grams., family members history. Which not significantly reduces the sample. Such results are ergo best-read as actually relevant so you can domiciles away from more old-fashioned minimizing socio-monetary properties. Footnote ten

Finally, ?_ihvt is an error term. We cluster the standard errors at the village ? time-wave level to account for correlation in the errors between individuals in the same village at a given time. For the sister fixed effects estimation we cluster the standard errors at the sister ? time-wave level. We estimate Eq. 1 separately for men and women. Footnote 11

where ChY_ihvt are the child outcomes (medically supervised birth, having a birth certificate, infant mortality, anthropometric z-scores, underweight and stunting for children under the age of 5, cognitive development tests for those aged 7 to 14, educational attainment for those aged over 18). As in Eq. 1, we control for contemporaneous mother and household characteristics (X_ihvt), characteristics of the household in which the mother lived when she was 12 years old (MotherHCh_hv) and children’s own characteristics such as gender and age (Ch_ihvt). We use an identical fixed effects strategy as in Eq. (1) and present province ? time-wave, village ? time-wave and, where possible, sisters ? time-wave fixed effects results.